.TH IP\-LINK 8 "13 Dec 2012" "iproute2" "Linux"
.SH "NAME"
ip-link \- network device configuration
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.sp
.ad l
.in +8
.ti -8
.B ip
.RI "[ " OPTIONS " ]"
.B link
.RI  " { " COMMAND " | "
.BR help " }"
.sp

.ti -8
.IR OPTIONS " := { "
\fB\-V\fR[\fIersion\fR] |
\fB\-h\fR[\fIuman-readable\fR] |
\fB\-s\fR[\fItatistics\fR] |
\fB\-r\fR[\fIesolve\fR] |
\fB\-f\fR[\fIamily\fR] {
.BR inet " | " inet6 " | " ipx " | " dnet " | " link " } | "
\fB\-o\fR[\fIneline\fR] }

.ti -8
.BI "ip link add"
.RB "[ " link
.IR DEVICE " ]"
.RB "[ " name " ]"
.I NAME
.br
.RB "[ " txqueuelen
.IR PACKETS " ]"
.br
.RB "[ " address
.IR LLADDR " ]"
.RB "[ " broadcast
.IR LLADDR " ]"
.br
.RB "[ " mtu
.IR MTU " ]"
.RB "[ " index
.IR IDX " ]"
.br
.RB "[ " numtxqueues
.IR QUEUE_COUNT " ]"
.RB "[ " numrxqueues
.IR QUEUE_COUNT " ]"
.br
.BR type " TYPE"
.RI "[ " ARGS " ]"

.ti -8
.IR TYPE " := [ "
.BR bridge " | "
.BR bond " | "
.BR can " | "
.BR dummy " | "
.BR hsr " | "
.BR ifb " | "
.BR ipoib " |"
.BR macvlan  " | "
.BR macvtap  " | "
.BR vcan " | "
.BR veth " | "
.BR vlan " | "
.BR vxlan " |"
.BR ip6tnl " |"
.BR ipip " |"
.BR sit " |"
.BR gre " |"
.BR gretap " |"
.BR ip6gre " |"
.BR ip6gretap " |"
.BR vti " |"
.BR nlmon " |"
.BR ipvlan " ]"

.ti -8
.BI "ip link delete " DEVICE
.BI type " TYPE"
.RI "[ " ARGS " ]"

.ti -8
.BR "ip link set " {
.IR DEVICE " | "
.BI "group " GROUP
.RB "} { " up " | " down " | " arp " { " on " | " off " } |"
.br
.BR promisc " { " on " | " off " } |"
.br
.BR allmulticast " { " on " | " off " } |"
.br
.BR dynamic " { " on " | " off " } |"
.br
.BR multicast " { " on " | " off " } |"
.br
.B  txqueuelen
.IR PACKETS " |"
.br
.B  name
.IR NEWNAME " |"
.br
.B  address
.IR LLADDR " |"
.B  broadcast
.IR LLADDR " |"
.br
.B  mtu
.IR MTU " |"
.br
.B  netns
.IR PID " |"
.br
.B  netns
.IR NETNSNAME " |"
.br
.B alias
.IR NAME  " |"
.br
.B vf
.IR NUM " ["
.B  mac
.IR LLADDR " ] ["
.B vlan
.IR VLANID " [ "
.B qos
.IR VLAN-QOS " ] ] ["
.B rate
.IR TXRATE " ] ["
.B max_tx_rate
.IR TXRATE " ] ["
.B min_tx_rate
.IR TXRATE " ] ["
.B spoofchk { on | off } ] [
.B state { auto | enable | disable}
] |
.br
.B master
.IR DEVICE
.br
.B nomaster
.BR " }"


.ti -8
.B ip link show
.RI "[ " DEVICE " | "
.B group
.IR GROUP " | "
.BR up " | "
.B master
.IR DEVICE " | "
.B type
.IR TYPE " ]"

.ti -8
.B ip link help
.RI "[ " TYPE " ]"

.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.SS ip link add - add virtual link

.TP
.BI link " DEVICE "
specifies the physical device to act operate on.

.I NAME
specifies the name of the new virtual device.

.I TYPE
specifies the type of the new device.
.sp
Link types:

.in +8
.B bridge
- Ethernet Bridge device
.sp
.B bond
- Bonding device
.sp
.B dummy
- Dummy network interface
.sp
.B hsr
- High-availability Seamless Redundancy device
.sp
.B ifb
- Intermediate Functional Block device
.sp
.B ipoib
- IP over Infiniband device
.sp
.B macvlan
- Virtual interface base on link layer address (MAC)
.sp
.B macvtap
- Virtual interface based on link layer address (MAC) and TAP.
.sp
.B vcan
- Virtual Controller Area Network interface
.sp
.B veth
- Virtual ethernet interface
.sp
.BR vlan
- 802.1q tagged virtual LAN interface
.sp
.BR vxlan
- Virtual eXtended LAN
.sp
.BR ip6tnl
- Virtual tunnel interface IPv4|IPv6 over IPv6
.sp
.BR ipip
- Virtual tunnel interface IPv4 over IPv4
.sp
.BR sit
- Virtual tunnel interface IPv6 over IPv4
.sp
.BR gre
- Virtual tunnel interface GRE over IPv4
.sp
.BR gretap
- Virtual L2 tunnel interface GRE over IPv4
.sp
.BR ip6gre
- Virtual tunnel interface GRE over IPv6
.sp
.BR ip6gretap
- Virtual L2 tunnel interface GRE over IPv6
.sp
.BR vti
- Virtual tunnel interface
.sp
.BR nlmon
- Netlink monitoring device
.sp
.BR ipvlan
- Interface for L3 (IPv6/IPv4) based VLANs
.in -8

.TP
.BI numtxqueues " QUEUE_COUNT "
specifies the number of transmit queues for new device.

.TP
.BI numrxqueues " QUEUE_COUNT "
specifies the number of receive queues for new device.

.TP
.BI index " IDX "
specifies the desired index of the new virtual device. The link creation fails, if the index is busy.

.TP
VXLAN Type Support
For a link of type
.I VXLAN
the following additional arguments are supported:

.BI "ip link add " DEVICE
.BI type " vxlan " id " ID"
.R " [ "
.BI dev " PHYS_DEV "
.RB " ] [ { " group " | " remote " } "
.I IPADDR
.R " ] [ "
.BI local " IPADDR "
.R " ] [ "
.BI ttl " TTL "
.R " ] [ "
.BI tos " TOS "
.R " ] [ "
.BI port " MIN MAX "
.R " ] [ "
.I "[no]learning "
.R " ] [ "
.I "[no]proxy "
.R " ] [ "
.I "[no]rsc "
.R " ] [ "
.I "[no]l2miss "
.R " ] [ "
.I "[no]l3miss "
.R " ] [ "
.BI ageing " SECONDS "
.R " ] [ "
.BI maxaddress " NUMBER "
.R " ] [ "
.B gbp
.R " ]"

.in +8
.sp
.BI  id " VNI "
- specifies the VXLAN Network Identifer (or VXLAN Segment
Identifier) to use.

.BI dev " PHYS_DEV"
- specifies the physical device to use for tunnel endpoint communication.

.sp
.BI group " IPADDR"
- specifies the multicast IP address to join.
This parameter cannot be specified with the
.B remote
parameter.

.sp
.BI remote " IPADDR"
- specifies the unicast destination IP address to use in outgoing packets
when the destination link layer address is not known in the VXLAN device
forwarding database. This parameter cannot be specified with the
.B group
parameter.

.sp
.BI local " IPADDR"
- specifies the source IP address to use in outgoing packets.

.sp
.BI ttl " TTL"
- specifies the TTL value to use in outgoing packets.

.sp
.BI tos " TOS"
- specifies the TOS value to use in outgoing packets.

.sp
.BI port " MIN MAX"
- specifies the range of port numbers to use as UDP
source ports to communicate to the remote VXLAN tunnel endpoint.

.sp
.I [no]learning
- specifies if unknown source link layer addresses and IP addresses
are entered into the VXLAN device forwarding database.

.sp
.I [no]rsc
- specifies if route short circuit is turned on.

.sp
.I [no]proxy
- specifies ARP proxy is turned on.

.sp
.I [no]l2miss
- specifies if netlink LLADDR miss notifications are generated.

.sp
.I [no]l3miss
- specifies if netlink IP ADDR miss notifications are generated.

.sp
.BI ageing " SECONDS"
- specifies the lifetime in seconds of FDB entries learnt by the kernel.

.sp
.BI maxaddress " NUMBER"
- specifies the maximum number of FDB entries.

.sp
.B gbp
- enables the Group Policy extension (VXLAN-GBP).

.in +4
Allows to transport group policy context across VXLAN network peers.
If enabled, includes the mark of a packet in the VXLAN header for outgoing
packets and fills the packet mark based on the information found in the
VXLAN header for incomming packets.

Format of upper 16 bits of packet mark (flags);

.in +2
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
.br
|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|D|-|-|A|-|-|-|
.br
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

.B D :=
Don't Learn bit. When set, this bit indicates that the egress
VTEP MUST NOT learn the source address of the encapsulated frame.

.B A :=
Indicates that the group policy has already been applied to
this packet. Policies MUST NOT be applied by devices when the A bit is set.
.in -2

Format of lower 16 bits of packet mark (policy ID):

.in +2
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
.br
|        Group Policy ID        |
.br
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
.in -2

Example:
  iptables -A OUTPUT [...] -j MARK --set-mark 0x800FF

.in -4

.in -8

.TP
GRE, IPIP, SIT Type Support
For a link of types
.I GRE/IPIP/SIT
the following additional arguments are supported:

.BI "ip link add " DEVICE
.BR type " { gre | ipip | sit } "
.BI " remote " ADDR " local " ADDR
.R " [ "
.BR encap " { fou | gue | none } "
.R " ] [ "
.BI "encap-sport { " PORT " | auto } "
.R " ] [ "
.BI "encap-dport " PORT
.R " ] [ "
.I " [no]encap-csum "
.R " ] [ "
.I " [no]encap-remcsum "
.R " ]"

.in +8
.sp
.BI  remote " ADDR "
- specifies the remote address of the tunnel.

.sp
.BI  local " ADDR "
- specifies the fixed local address for tunneled packets.
It must be an address on another interface on this host.

.sp
.BR encap " { fou | gue | none } "
- specifies type of secondary UDP encapsulation. "fou" indicates
Foo-Over-UDP, "gue" indicates Generic UDP Encapsulation.

.sp
.BI "encap-sport { " PORT " | auto } "
- specifies the source port in UDP encapsulation.
.IR PORT
indicates the port by number, "auto"
indicates that the port number should be chosen automatically
(the kernel picks a flow based on the flow hash of the
encapsulated packet).

.sp
.I [no]encap-csum
- specifies if UDP checksums are enabled in the secondary
encapsulation.

.sp
.I [no]encap-remcsum
- specifies if Remote Checksum Offload is enabled. This is only
applicable for Generic UDP Encapsulation.

.in -8

.TP
IP6GRE/IP6GRETAP Type Support
For a link of type
.I IP6GRE/IP6GRETAP
the following additional arguments are supported:

.BI "ip link add " DEVICE
.BI type " { ip6gre | ip6gretap }  " remote " ADDR " local " ADDR
.R " [ "
.I "[i|o]seq]"
.R " ] [ "
.I "[i|o]key" KEY
.R " ] [ "
.I " [i|o]csum "
.R " ] [ "
.BI hoplimit " TTL "
.R " ] [ "
.BI encaplimit " ELIM "
.R " ] [ "
.BI tclass " TCLASS "
.R " ] [ "
.BI flowlabel " FLOWLABEL "
.R " ] [ "
.BI "dscp inherit"
.R " ] [ "
.BI dev " PHYS_DEV "
.R " ]"

.in +8
.sp
.BI  remote " ADDR "
- specifies the remote IPv6 address of the tunnel.

.sp
.BI  local " ADDR "
- specifies the fixed local IPv6 address for tunneled packets.
It must be an address on another interface on this host.

.sp
.BI  [i|o]seq
- serialize packets.
The
.B oseq
flag enables sequencing of outgoing packets.
The
.B iseq
flag requires that all input packets are serialized.

.sp
.BI  [i|o]key " KEY"
- use keyed GRE with key
.IR KEY ". "KEY
is either a number or an IPv4 address-like dotted quad.
The
.B key
parameter specifies the same key to use in both directions.
The
.BR ikey " and " okey
parameters specify different keys for input and output.

.sp
.BI  [i|o]csum
- generate/require checksums for tunneled packets.
The
.B ocsum
flag calculates checksums for outgoing packets.
The
.B icsum
flag requires that all input packets have the correct
checksum. The
.B csum
flag is equivalent to the combination
.BR "icsum ocsum" .

.sp
.BI  hoplimit " TTL"
- specifies Hop Limit value to use in outgoing packets.

.sp
.BI  encaplimit " ELIM"
- specifies a fixed encapsulation limit. Default is 4.

.sp
.BI  flowlabel " FLOWLABEL"
- specifies a fixed flowlabel.

.sp
.BI  tclass " TCLASS"
- specifies the traffic class field on
tunneled packets, which can be specified as either a two-digit
hex value (e.g. c0) or a predefined string (e.g. internet).
The value
.B inherit
causes the field to be copied from the original IP header. The
values
.BI "inherit/" STRING
or
.BI "inherit/" 00 ".." ff
will set the field to
.I STRING
or
.IR 00 ".." ff
when tunneling non-IP packets. The default value is 00.

.in -8

.TP
IPoIB Type Support
For a link of type
.I IPoIB
the following additional arguments are supported:

.BI "ip link add " DEVICE " name " NAME
.BI type " ipoib [ " pkey " PKEY ] [" mode " MODE " ]

.in +8
.sp
.BI  pkey " PKEY "
- specifies the IB P-Key to use.

.BI  mode " MODE "
- specifies the mode (datagram or connected) to use.

.SS ip link delete - delete virtual link
.I DEVICE
specifies the virtual  device to act operate on.
.I TYPE
specifies the type of the device.


.TP
.BI dev " DEVICE "
specifies the physical device to act operate on.

.SS ip link set - change device attributes

.TP
.BI dev " DEVICE "
.I DEVICE
specifies network device to operate on. When configuring SR-IOV Virtual Function
(VF) devices, this keyword should specify the associated Physical Function (PF)
device.

.TP
.BI group " GROUP "
.I GROUP
has a dual role: If both group and dev are present, then move the device to the
specified group. If only a group is specified, then the command operates on
all devices in that group.

.TP
.BR up " and " down
change the state of the device to
.B UP
or
.BR "DOWN" .

.TP
.BR "arp on " or " arp off"
change the
.B NOARP
flag on the device.

.TP
.BR "multicast on " or " multicast off"
change the
.B MULTICAST
flag on the device.

.TP
.BR "dynamic on " or " dynamic off"
change the
.B DYNAMIC
flag on the device. Indicates that address can change when interface goes down (currently
.B NOT
used by the Linux).

.TP
.BI name " NAME"
change the name of the device. This operation is not
recommended if the device is running or has some addresses
already configured.

.TP
.BI txqueuelen " NUMBER"
.TP
.BI txqlen " NUMBER"
change the transmit queue length of the device.

.TP
.BI mtu " NUMBER"
change the
.I MTU
of the device.

.TP
.BI address " LLADDRESS"
change the station address of the interface.

.TP
.BI broadcast " LLADDRESS"
.TP
.BI brd " LLADDRESS"
.TP
.BI peer " LLADDRESS"
change the link layer broadcast address or the peer address when
the interface is
.IR "POINTOPOINT" .

.TP
.BI netns " NETNSNAME " \fR| " PID"
move the device to the network namespace associated with name
.IR "NETNSNAME " or
.RI process " PID".

Some devices are not allowed to change network namespace: loopback, bridge,
ppp, wireless. These are network namespace local devices. In such case
.B ip
tool will return "Invalid argument" error. It is possible to find out if device is local
to a single network namespace by checking
.B netns-local
flag in the output of the
.BR ethtool ":"

.in +8
.B ethtool -k
.I DEVICE
.in -8

To change network namespace for wireless devices the
.B iw
tool can be used. But it allows to change network namespace only for physical devices and by process
.IR PID .

.TP
.BI alias " NAME"
give the device a symbolic name for easy reference.

.TP
.BI group " GROUP"
specify the group the device belongs to.
The available groups are listed in file
.BR "@SYSCONFDIR@/group" .

.TP
.BI vf " NUM"
specify a Virtual Function device to be configured. The associated PF device
must be specified using the
.B dev
parameter.

.in +8
.BI mac " LLADDRESS"
- change the station address for the specified VF. The
.B vf
parameter must be specified.

.sp
.BI vlan " VLANID"
- change the assigned VLAN for the specified VF. When specified, all traffic
sent from the VF will be tagged with the specified VLAN ID. Incoming traffic
will be filtered for the specified VLAN ID, and will have all VLAN tags
stripped before being passed to the VF. Setting this parameter to 0 disables
VLAN tagging and filtering. The
.B vf
parameter must be specified.

.sp
.BI qos " VLAN-QOS"
- assign VLAN QOS (priority) bits for the VLAN tag. When specified, all VLAN
tags transmitted by the VF will include the specified priority bits in the
VLAN tag. If not specified, the value is assumed to be 0. Both the
.B vf
and
.B vlan
parameters must be specified. Setting both
.B vlan
and
.B qos
as 0 disables VLAN tagging and filtering for the VF.

.sp
.BI rate " TXRATE"
-- change the allowed transmit bandwidth, in Mbps, for the specified VF.
Setting this parameter to 0 disables rate limiting.
.B vf
parameter must be specified.
Please use new API
.B "max_tx_rate"
option instead.

.sp
.BI max_tx_rate " TXRATE"
- change the allowed maximum transmit bandwidth, in Mbps, for the specified VF.
.B vf
parameter must be specified.

.sp
.BI min_tx_rate " TXRATE"
- change the allowed minimum transmit bandwidth, in Mbps, for the specified VF.
Minimum TXRATE should be always <= Maximum TXRATE.
.B vf
parameter must be specified.

.sp
.BI spoofchk " on|off"
- turn packet spoof checking on or off for the specified VF.
.sp
.BI state " auto|enable|disable"
- set the virtual link state as seen by the specified VF. Setting to auto means a
reflection of the PF link state, enable lets the VF to communicate with other VFs on
this host even if the PF link state is down, disable causes the HW to drop any packets
sent by the VF.
.in -8

.TP
.BI master " DEVICE"
set master device of the device (enslave device).

.TP
.BI nomaster
unset master device of the device (release device).

.PP
.B Warning:
If multiple parameter changes are requested,
.B ip
aborts immediately after any of the changes have failed.
This is the only case when
.B ip
can move the system to an unpredictable state. The solution
is to avoid changing several parameters with one
.B ip link set
call.

.SS  ip link show - display device attributes

.TP
.BI dev " NAME " (default)
.I NAME
specifies the network device to show.
If this argument is omitted all devices in the default group are listed.

.TP
.BI group " GROUP "
.I GROUP
specifies what group of devices to show.

.TP
.B up
only display running interfaces.

.TP
.BI master " DEVICE "
.I DEVICE
specifies the master device which enslaves devices to show.

.TP
.BI type " TYPE "
.I TYPE
specifies the type of devices to show.

.TP
The show command has additional formatting options:

.RS
.TP
.BR "\-s" , " \-stats", " \-statistics"
output more statistics about packet usage.

.TP
.BR "\-d", " \-details"
output more detailed information.

.TP
.BR "\-h", " \-human", " \-human-readble"
output statistics with human readable values number followed by suffix

.TP
.BR "\-iec"
print human readable rates in IEC units (ie. 1K = 1024).
.RE

.SS  ip link help - display help

.PP
.I "TYPE"
specifies which help of link type to dislpay.

.SS
.I GROUP
may be a number or a string from the file
.B /etc/iproute2/group
which can be manually filled.

.SH "EXAMPLES"
.PP
ip link show
.RS 4
Shows the state of all network interfaces on the system.
.RE
.PP
ip link show type bridge
.RS 4
Shows the bridge devices.
.RE
.PP
ip link show type vlan
.RS 4
Shows the vlan devices.
.RE
.PP
ip link show master br0
.RS 4
Shows devices enslaved by br0
.RE
.PP
ip link set dev ppp0 mtu 1400
.RS 4
Change the MTU the ppp0 device.
.RE
.PP
ip link add link eth0 name eth0.10 type vlan id 10
.RS 4
Creates a new vlan device eth0.10 on device eth0.
.RE
.PP
ip link delete dev eth0.10
.RS 4
Removes vlan device.
.RE

ip link help gre
.RS 4
Display help for the gre link type.
.RE
.PP
ip link add name tun1 type ipip remote 192.168.1.1
local 192.168.1.2 ttl 225 encap gue encap-sport auto
encap-dport 5555 encap-csum encap-remcsum
.RS 4
Creates an IPIP that is encapsulated with Generic UDP Encapsulation,
and the outer UDP checksum and remote checksum offload are enabled.

.RE

.SH SEE ALSO
.br
.BR ip (8),
.BR ip-netns (8)

.SH AUTHOR
Original Manpage by Michail Litvak <mci@owl.openwall.com>
